Monoplane



c. CLARKE MoNoPLANE v Fil'ed Nov. 1'7. 1923 '7 sheets-sheet f2 C. l.CLARKE MONOPLANE oen-14, 1924. 1.511346 Filed Nov. 17. 1923'zsheetslsheet' mento@ L C. I. CLARKE f MoN'oPLANE Filed-gov; 17,"192330 4 28 6 ff T .19v 38 I L Quot uw I." CLARKE goNoPLANE Filed Nov. 17.192:5 '7y Sheets-Sheet e Oct. 14 1924.

C. I. CLARKE MONOPLANE Filed Nov. 17, 1923 7 sheets-sheet 7 PatentedOct. 14, 1924.

PATENT t l GLnMENT I`. CLARKE, OFPHILADELPHIA, rENNsEnvie-.NIA.Av

MoNorLANn Application fueanovember 17, i923; semi no'. 675,350.

To all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, CLEMENT I. CLARKE, a: citizen of the United` States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia appertains tomake and use the same.

Y Thev invention has relation to dying machinos and more particularly tothe type linev 6-16 Vof Figure Ll, looking in the direction of thearrows,

designated as a monoplane and has lfor its object to pivotally mount thewings com-' prisi-ng the plane, whereby they are adapted to receive alffapplng movement 1n simulatien of the wings oa bird when 1n flight.Y

The invention furthermore aims to prol vide a novel construction andunique drive gearing whereby the mach-ine is adapted to b e sustained inthe air when the propeller is at rest.

-Qther objects and advantages will' be apin the'-form,fproportion andYminor details oi?" construction may be resorted to without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. f

VReterringto the accompanying 'drawings forming apart of theapplication;

Figure 1 is a. top plan view of a'ying machineembodying the inventioi'r,parts bei'rg broken! away,

igure 2 is a side view ot the machine,

Figure is a vertical' transverse section on the line. 3-'-3` of Figurel1,- lcoking to the iron-t as indicated by the arrows-,I

Figure 4 is a horizontal' sectional view on theline4-4 of'FigureBr," f v`Figure 5 is a. vertical transversel section on the li-'ne 5-5 of Figure4, looking to the fron-t asdesignated by the arrows, and showing theparts yon a. larger scale,

Fig; 6 isan enlargedsectional View on the Figure 7 is an enlarged detailsectional view on the line 7-7of Figure l', looking in the direction ofthearrows, 1

the Vline lO-10 of Figure 6,

Figure 8 is a sectional viewpon thefzline v 8 8 of Figure 4, looking tothe rear as designated by .the arrows of the standards anderossheadsfshowing the ribs oi the wings pivoted to.thelatter,v

Figure 9 is a 'detail sectional view-reinem? `Figure 10 is a.detail`sectionalviewl on lFigurexl'l is a sectional detail' onrthe ll-lof Figure 3, f .i Figure k12 is a detailyviewio theL outer line end of across-bar and theend of the shaft f which connect a series of' piratedbars'itf one y side of `the'niachine,

Figure i3 is a sectionaldetail: on the line 1'3-13 of'Figure 12', f qFigure la is an enlarged ectional `view of the pivotaledgeof a' wing;`

'v i Figure 15 is an enlarged sectional viewon the linel-l o'FigureLl,"lool'rng to the rear as' designated by the,arrowsfv Figure 16 is' adetail sectional Viewl on the line l--l` of Figure 15, and Figure 17 isadetail perspective viewoic a standard and crossheadxmountedthereon towhich the wings are pivoted` to in the following description andgvdesig?-nated inV the' several viewsfof thedrawings bylikereference',characters.l e. :j

The fuselagel or body 'et the machine is taperingv and? isfprvided atvitszi'rolitend Corresponding and like parts are referred thebody and'is utilized orvtransmitting y and receiving messages by wireless, tele#phone or telegraph in a manner wells underr stoodf 'f The monopl'a-necomprisessimilar .conn plemental wings` 6 which. are pivoted along theirinner,y edges as indicated atf?, kStand`- ards -81 rise from thetopofthe'fuselage 1 and are provided at their-upperends with` transverselycurvedcro'ssheads' 9 tov which ino the wings are pivoted. VThe'wings'proper are braced and Y strengthenedfby ribs or supports l'Oandeach wing comprises-complemental upper fand lower members which larepivotally connected latfll and ybetween which are disposedk helicalsprings l2, whereby provision.. is .ha-drv for'ind'epend-` ent movementoft-'the membersf! 'namely, to insure a steady movement in' Brackets 13project from opposite sides of the fuselage 1 and pivotally support bars14. A guide 15 is provided at the inner end of each of the bars 14 andis grooved in its curved edge or face to receive an arm 16 projecting'outwardly from the fuselageV and constituting a guide to maintain thebar 14 in a given plane. A spring 17 mounted upon the outer end of thebar 14 supports a block 18 upon which rests the outer end of the rib orsupport 10. The parts 17 and 18 constitute in eect a buffer to sustainthe impact of the wing. A shaft 19. is mounted in the brackets 13 ateach `side of the fuselage and the bars 14 are attached thereto so as tomove in unison. A transverse rod or bar 2O at each end of the machineengages a yoke 21 at the ends of the shaft 19, stop collars 22 securedto tl e ends of the rods -2O coacting with the yokes 21 to limitmovement of the bars 14. Two longitudinally disposed shafts 23 arelocated 'within the fuselage 1 and each is provided at intervals in litslength with eccentrics 24vwhich are connected by means of straps androds 25 with the ribs or suports 10. A motor 25a is provided to driveeach of the shafts 23. A sprocketchain 26 connects a sprocket vwheel 27fast to the shaft of the motor with a sprocket wheel 28 fast to a shorttransverse shaft. 29. Bevel gearing 30 connects the shaft 29 with theshaft 23. A shaft 31 parallelingthe shaft 29 and located thereabovereceives the upper portion of a belt 32 which has its lower portion.engaging a pulley 33 fast to the shaft of the motorr25a. A lever 34pivoted at one end comprises spaced mem bers between which is located aroller 35 disposed to engagea run of the belt 32. A bolt 36 carried bythe lever 34 coacts with the teeth of `a rack bar 37 to hold the leverin the required adjusted position. Then the free end of the lever 34 isdepressed, the roller 35 tensions the belt 32 and increases theresistance to its rotation and the resistance thus created operates as aspring to control the speed of the motor..y

The propeller shaft 38 is centrally d1sposed and is geared at its innerend to a motor 39, the shaft of the latter having a sprocket wheel 40fast thereto which is connected by means of a sprocket chain 41 to asprocket wheel 42 fast to a transverse shaft 43 which is provided withweighted arms 44 which operate as va counterbalance. Bevel gearing 45connects the shafts 38 and 43. The shafts 23 are likewise provided withweightedv arms 46 similar to the weighted arms 24 and for a likepurpose,

substantially the same manner as a iiywheel.

A windlass 47 conveniently disposed within the fuselage has ropes orcab1es48 attached at one end thereto and adapted 4to be wound thereon,the opposite end of each of the ropes or cables being attached to a.wing 6, as shown most clearly in Figure 15. Guide pulleys 49 and 50mounted upon the superstructure receive the 'ropes or cables 48 and giveproper direction thereto. An

operating crank 51 coacts with the wind-..

lass 47 to rotate the same. A ratchet wheel 52 secured to the shaft ofthe windlass has a dog 53 in cooperativerelation therewith, whereby tohold the wings 6 in therequired adjusted position when theoperatingpower is cut off. f f

Vhen the machine is in flight, it isy driven forwardly by means ofthepropeller 2 which is assisted by means ofthe wings 6, the Llatter beingoscillated. V'hen the motordriving the propeller is stopped, the-machine may be sustained in the air by means of the wings 6 which areoscillated by the motors 2.53. When gliding, the wings are heldstationary by means of the ropes or cables48 and the coacting mechanismassociatedl therewith. l 4 o y lt is observed that the outervends of theribs r10 are yieldably connected to the outer` ends of the pivoted bars14 and the .latten t is observed thatthe helical springs 12;

are preferably of conical form and give vibration tothe wings which willhelp'the machine in its actions. One of the main features of thewindlass 47, cords 48 and adjunctive parts is to hold the wings in.sub-4 jection when the operator finds it necessary to glide instead offlapping. f

The belt 32 and lever 34 provideforan emergency in caseof non-adherencyofthe sprocket gearing when in flight. rAtthis timefthe pulley willfully take the place'of the sprocket chain by pressing' thel leverdownwardly. Moreover, the same :pulley` belt will hold the machinebefore it makes the stroke downward, Vassisted by the windlass when theoperator finds it necessary to glide. The samer pulley belt when pressedordinarily increases the speed of the motor.

What is claimed is:

1. A plane for a ying machine, the same comprising oppositely disposedwings,l each of which consists of spaced members pivot# l ally connectedand interposed yieldable 'con-V necting means.

2. In a flying machme,fa wing, nbs-ape support for the other ends of theribs, and

plied to the underside of the wing and pivotally mounted at oneof theirends, a yielding intermediate its ends, a yieldable connection betweenthe outer end of the member and the wing, and a slldmg guide connectionbetween the inner end of the member and the body of the machine.

5. In a flying machine, a pivoted wing, means for imparting anoscillatory movement thereto, a bar pivoted intermediate its ends, ayieldable connection between the outer end of the bar and the wing, andcoacting guide elements, the one attached to the inner end of the barand the other to the body of the machine.

6. In a flying machine, ribs pivotally mounted thereon, wings supportedby said ribs, each of said wings comprising complemental memberspivotally secured at one of their longitudinal edges, and yieldabledevices interposed between said members.

7. In a flying machine, brackets suitably secured, rods pivotallymounted on said brackets, means to guide said rods, ribs pivotallymounted independently Aof and yieldably supported by said rods, andwings on said ribs.

8. In a flying machine, brackets suitably i secured, rods pivotallymounted on said brackets, a segmental guide on each r0d,.ribs pivotallymounted, a Vyieldable connection between the rods andthe ribs, and wingsmounted on said ribs.

9. In a flying machine, brackets suitably secured, rods pivotallymounted on said brackets, means to guide said rods, ribs pivotallymounted independently of and yieldably supported by said rods, wingssupported by saidribs, each of said wings comprising complementalmembers pivotally secured at one of their longitudinal edges, andyieldable devices interposed between said members. y

l0. In a flying machine, a pivoted wing, a shaft, eccentric connectionsbetween the shaft andwing for imparting an oscillatory before mentionedshaft, a pulley fast to thev il shaft of the motor, a belt passingaround said pulley, a lever provided witha roller in contact with saidbelt, and means for holding the lever in an adjusted position, the

belt, pulley, roller and lever operating as brake means for controllingthe-speed of the motor. v

In testimony whereof I affix my signature 1n presence of two witnesses.

CLEMENT I. CLARKE. lVitnesses WVM. C. HUGHES, ADoLPHUs RAMSEY.

